ABSTRACT
Purpose: To assess the fluoroquinolone resistance pattern and trends among bacterial isolates from ocular infections over a 16?year period and explore alternative antibiotics in fluoroquinolone?resistant strains. Methods: In this retrospective, longitudinal study, the microbiology laboratory records of patients with different ocular infections diagnosed at an eye institute in central India from 2005–2020 were reviewed to determine the pattern of fluoroquinolone (ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, gatifloxacin, and moxifloxacin) resistance. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done using the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: In 725 Gram?positive bacteria, the resistance of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, gatifloxacin, and moxifloxacin was 55.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 52.2 – 59.6), 42.7% (95% CI: 39.0 – 46.4), 47.6% (95% CI: 43.9 – 51.3), and 45.6% (95% CI: 41.7–49.5), respectively. In 266 Gram?negative bacteria, the resistance of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, gatifloxacin, and moxifloxacin was 57.9% (95% CI: 51.9 – 63.9), 56.0% (95% CI: 49.7 – 62.1), 59.9% (95% CI: 53.8 – 66.0), and 74.3% (95% CI: 68.3 – 80.2), respectively. A declining trend in resistance to ciprofloxacin (P < 0.001), ofloxacin (P < 0.001), and moxifloxacin (P < 0.001) was seen in Gram?positive bacteria, whereas a reduction in resistance to only moxifloxacin (P = 0.04) was seen in Gram?negative bacteria. In fluoroquinolone?resistant Gram?positive bacteria, cefuroxime exhibited the highest susceptibility, whereas in fluoroquinolone?resistant Gram?negative bacteria, colistin exhibited the highest susceptibility. Conclusion: Fluoroquinolone resistance was high among bacteria from ocular infections in central India, but a declining trend in resistance to some of the fluoroquinolones was observed in recent times. Cefuroxime and colistin emerged as alternatives in fluoroquinolone?resistant Gram?positive and Gram?negative bacterial infections, respectively.
ABSTRACT
Background: Schimmelpenning syndrome is a multisystem disorder. Casecharacteristics: A term female neonate with sebaceous nevi of the face had choroidosteoma of the right eye. Observation: At one month of age, the infant was observed tohave choroidal neovascularization that was successfully treated with laser photo-coagulation and anti-VEGF. Message: Choroid osteoma and neovascularization are rareassociations of Schimmelpenning syndrome, and should be screened for and managedearly.
ABSTRACT
Purpose: To evaluate the outcome of surgery for cytomegalovirus associated retinal detachment (CMVRD) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‑infected patients in pre‑highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and HAART era in Indian eyes. Materials and Methods: Retrospective, we reviewed medical records of all consecutive HIV patients, who underwent surgical repair for CMVRD from July 1998 to June 2011. We divided patients into two groups, i.e. group 1, pre HAART era and group 2, HAART era. We compared two groups for various parameters like visual outcome, surgical success, additional procedures, follow‑up, etc., Results: Twenty‑eight eyes of 26 patients were included; 12 eyes of the 11 patients in group 1 and 16 eyes of the 15 patients in group 2. Significant visual acuity improvement was seen in both groups. Complete anatomic success was seen in 11 eyes in group 1 and 15 eyes in group 2. One additional procedure in group 1 and 29 additional procedures were done in group 2. A mean follow‑up was 16 months in group 1 and 41 months in group 2. Conclusion: There was no difference in outcome in pre‑HAART and HAART group, except for longer follow‑up and additional surgical procedures in HAART group.